Stack of journals and newspapers with a pen and glasses

November 2, 2026 · 7 min

How a study is counted: who was in it and who left

The small print at the bottom of a health story: how many people, for how long, and how many dropped out along the way.

Empty hospital corridor at dawn with a trolley

Next issue: Sunday 16 November

Get the letter on Sunday morning

One long read on the week's health news, a few short notes and your letters. Free, and it always will be.

One email a week. Leave whenever you like.

More posts

This week's issue

The headline said "linked to". Here is what that phrase means

A study of sixty thousand adults was reported this week under a headline with three confident words in it. I read the paper, and then I read the headline again.

No. 520 · Nov 9, 2026 · 9 min read

Printed letter draft with red pen marks under a desk lamp

The study followed people for eleven years and set two things side by side. It did not change what anyone did, and it could not say why one group differed from the other. The paper says so in its own second paragraph.

This week I go through the paper section by section, show where the headline stretched it, and say what a careful reader can take from it and what they cannot.

Plus: your letters about press releases, a short note on finding the original paper, and the one chart I still cannot make sense of.

Read: The headline said "linked to". Here is what that phrase means